Topic : Required skills and knowledge - language features and techniques

Chapter 1 : Alliteration, assonance, emotive language, colloquial, slang, jargon, neologism, cliché, rhetorical questions

Chapter 2 : Simile, metaphor, idioms, personification, extended metaphor

• Figurative language, such as similes, metaphors, idioms and personification, is also known as imagery.
• A simile connects two unlike subjects, often using 'like' or 'as' to compare the two.
• A metaphor states that two unlike objects are the same or equal.
• Idioms are common sayings that are figurative.
• Personification gives objects or animals human qualities.
• An extended metaphor is a metaphor that continues beyond one line.

Chapter 3 : Hyperbole, allusion, symbolism, synechdoche, metonomy

• Hyperbole is a figure of speech that uses exaggeration.
• Connotations imply a meaning beyond the literal.
• An allusion is when a composer makes a reference to another text or person within their own text.
• A symbol represents a theme or a person, generally as a very simple image.

Chapter 4 : Sarcasm and irony

• Sarcasm involves a composer employing an insulting tone to communicate something that is the opposite of what is meant.
• Verbal irony occurs when what is said is in contradiction to what is meant, it is used to emphasise a point rather than as an insult.
• The humour arises because a responder is surprised by a link between images or ideas that seem unlikely or contradictory.
• The humour arises because a responder is surprised by a link between images or ideas that seem unlikely or contradictory.
• Dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows something that the characters do not.
• These are all examples of figurative language

Chapter 5 : Satire and parody

• Satire is a technique that ridicules particular people or objects in order to point out problems in an attempt to instigate (bring about) change.
• As a form of satire, parodies take an original text and alter it to make a new meaning.

Chapter 6 : Subversion, appropriation, intertextuality

• Subversive readings change the conventions in texts.
• Appropriations place characters and techniques into different contexts.
• Intertextuality is the link between two or more texts.
• Intertextuality can occur when a text is composed in a new format.
• Intertextuality also occurs where the plot and the characters of a text are placed in a new context.
• Intertextuality can consist of allusions, symbols and icons placed within texts.